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Finding Children: Apprentice and Related Records, 1716-1900: Accessing Records

Before 1914, apprentice bonds were often the only records left by children. This is a guide to will help you learn how to use them and related records.

Introduction

Records can be found in various places. Original records are located at the State Archives of North Carolina. Many original records, but not all, have been digitized and can be found online with sites such as Ancestry.com, familysearch.com and the North Carolina Digital Collection. 

The SLNC Government and Heritage Library has many published abstracts and indexes that can be helpful in your research. These abstracts and indexes can include county court minutes, apprentice bonds, bastardy bonds, guardian records, wills, estates and more. This is especially true for county court minutes, but also for apprentice bonds, bastardy bonds, guardian records, wills, and estates. . These published books are of records located in the State Archives of North Carolina and can be very helpful. Finding an ancestor in an abstract or index can ease the process of finding the original record in the Archives. In some cases, records in the Archives are filed alphabetical order by surname, such as wills and estates, but many are not. Many of their records are filed chronologically by county.

Below find research tools from the State Archives, online sources for finding records, and a list of select titles from the SLNC Government and Heritage Library.&

Records at the State Archives of North Carolina

The State Archives of North Carolina has original county records the mid-1900s, including court records, apprentice and bastardy bonds, estates, guardian records, wills, and more. Records in the Archives are organized by county and then within the county by the type of record.

The State Archives has several guides and tools to help researchers:

  • County Records Guide - This is a guide that is published in print in 2009 (as Guide to County Records) and online. The Guide is organized alphabetically by county and within each county begins with when the county was created and the parent county as well as information on any loss of records. After that, record types are grouped alphabetically and give a summary of sub-record types and years available. County lists generally follow the same format: Bonds, Court Records, Estate Records (includes guardianship records), Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records, Tax and Fiscal Records, Wills. The county list also includes microfilmed records that may or may not overlap original records. This is an important resource to check with to see what records are available either as original records on paper versus microfilmed records. For example, here is the beginning of the list for Granville County:

Bonds
Apprentice Bonds, 1749-1913
Bastardy Bonds, 1746-1910

For the same county under records that have been microfilmed is the following entries for apprentice and bastardy bonds

Bonds
Apprentice Bonds, 1802-1913
Bastardy Bonds, 1869-1879

  • DOC This is a catalog to some of the records at the State Archives. Primarily included are records with the Secretary of State such as land grants, but also includes wills through 1900 and some additional records. You can search DOC for names of people who left records. Information you find in DOC can be used to contact the Archives to request a copy of the record. The Archives recommends using the Chrome browser and they have created a FAQ guide to help you search the site.

Finding Records Online

North Carolina Digital Collections

The State Archives of North Carolina and the State Library of North Carolina have collaborated to create the North Carolina Digital Collections. Within the collection are original records scanned by the State Archives as well as print material from the State Library. In relation to apprentice bonds and related records, there are two specific collections of interest.

  • Colonial Court records - includes court records and some records of apprentice papers and estate records
  • Secretary of State Wills - Contains wills filed with the Secretary of State's office dated 1663-1789. These wills are no longer accessible to the public in person for conservation purposes

Ancestry Library Edition

Ancestry Library Edition, which is accessible at the Government and Heritage Library has two titles in their database that may help. If you have a subscription to Ancestry.com, these are likely there as well:

  • North Carolina, U.S., Civil Action Court Papers, 1712-1970. These are civil action papers from county superior courts that may contain information about apprentice bonds, bastardy bonds, and guardian records. This collection only covers approximately 40 counties and more information may be added later. Also, the time frame for each county will differ. Going to this collection will allow you to browse by county and then time frame. The collection is not searchable for names and the records are scanned images of the original record located in the State Archives of North Carolina
  • North Carolina, U.S, County Records, 1833-1970
    This collection has various records for 22 counties. Many won't help with finding information on apprenticeships, bastardy bonds, or guardianship, but below is a list of the few that will
    • Camden County: Civil Action Papers, 1816-1937
    • Columbus County: Civil Action Papers, 1869-1922
    • Currituck County: Civil Action Papers, 1781-1895
    • Forsyth County: Civil Action Papers, 1852-1909
    • Gaston County: Guardianships, 1849-1967
    • Jackson County: Civil Action Papers, 1843-1924
    • Mecklenburg County: Guardianships, 1779-1955
    • Northampton County: Civil Action Papers, 1826-1958
    • Transylvania County: Apprentice Bonds and Records, 1864-1926

Familysearch.org

Familysearch.org is a site maintained by the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, UT and the site is free. In 2020, the library succeeded in digitizing all microfilm located in their library, which covers the whole of the United States and possibly some foreign countries. This is a big help to those doing remote research that cannot come to the State Archives of North Carolina. Not every roll of film from the Archives is included as it depends on which reels of film the library purchased over the years. Searching the site can be a little tricky.

Steps to search digitized microfilm

  • Create a free account and log in
  • On the navigation bar on the top of the page, click search and choose catalog
  • With searching digitized microfilm, these records have not been indexed and not able to search names. Because of this, it is best to search for a place. In place field, start typing the county, but don't include the word "county" and choose from the places that pop up. Ex: Wake, North Carolina and choose the item for United States, North Carolina. In this scenario, typing "Wake County" won't work
  • Under availability, choose online and click search
  • The resulting page lists broad topics for the county. Click on the topics to find what records are within that topic. For instance, apprentice bonds and bastardy bonds are under court records while wills and estates are under probate records. Other categories of interest may be guardianship and poor and poorhouse records
  • When you find something that looks promising, click the link to go to the next page
  • Under format, click the camera icon

While viewing pages from this site, images can be downloaded and printed (top right corner), can be zoomed in and out as well as full screen (left hand side of page). By default, the page shows thumbnail images in a grid. To look at a specific image, double click on it and use the right and left arrows at the top left of the image to move from image to image. To return to the grid, click the grid button on the left hand side. There are additional tools to help you see the image better such as turning the image 90 degrees, inverting the color, and adjusting brightness and contrast. These records are not indexed so searching for names is not possible, it's a lot like searching the original records in the State Archives of North Carolina.

Please note that not every county has microfilm for the same records and time frame. Take a look at the State Archives County Records Guide previously mention to see what has been microfilmed and the Family History Library may not have purchased copies of everything. 

To help you get started with searching this site, after you have logged on to the site, follow these links: 

Print Resources

The following books are available at the SLNC Government and Heritage Library. Many of these cannot be checked out and only used within the building. There may be libraries in your local area with the book. The content of the books may contain images of original records, but by large these are published abstracts or indexes of county records for North Carolina.

Apprentice Bonds

Bastardy Bonds

Guardian and Orphan records

Records for the Poor

Records for the poor can be found in court records, such as orders for people to live in the poor house. There may also be a Miscellaneous group of records Wardens of the Poor in some counties, such as in Granville County. SLNC Government and Heritage Library has many published abstracts of court records for the majority of North Carolina counties. We have many court abstract books in our collection. To find what we have for the county you are researching, go to our catalog and choose the option for an advanced search. On line one as a subject, enter the name of the county (ex: "Granville County"). On the second line as a subject, type "North Carolina". Add a new line and as a keyword either court or court minutes. When you are finished, click "Submit" button.

snapshot of catalog instuctions The search will include microfilm in our collection.  We also have microfilm of many court records that can be used it the building or loaned to North Carolina libraries through Interlibrary Loan (ILL).